{"id":"W4409986494","doi":"10.1186/s12982-025-00594-7","title":"An unmet global agenda: COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among farmers in Northern Ghana","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Discover Public Health","topic":"COVID-19 Pandemic Impacts","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"NOSM University; Laurentian University","funders":"","keywords":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak; Socioeconomics; Virology; Political science; Geography; Economic growth; Medicine; Sociology; Economics; Outbreak","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002262839,0.0002924663,0.0007256578,0.0006616882,0.0001844009,0.0001889437,0.0005814791,0.0001679011,0.0002516828],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001426325,0.0003402255,0.0001257047,0.001849458,0.00005607354,0.0009546471,0.0001140724,0.0002847216,0.0001282013],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.005327112,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004950908,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0582317,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1308416,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9967132,0.0001412542,0.0011124,0.0008503066,0.00009378549,0.001089041],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978602,0.0001305851,0.0004402674,0.0007857801,0.00002928902,0.0007538637],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001920221,0.0002196853,0.9463997,0.000147931,0.0000423408,0.000009495596,0.0009533931,0.000201961,3.365299e-7,0.0447975,0.00352366,0.003684833],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001817338,0.00009436157,0.8976109,0.0000244916,0.00000297342,0.000001899903,0.0007458857,0.0008238111,5.47664e-7,0.009706926,0.08882114,0.0003497391],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9062046,0.00225412,0.02446205,0.05668802,0.0007125742,0.0007847002,0.0007597832,0.0001416406,0.007992542],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9632318,0.0001977999,0.00006472195,0.03587142,0.00006854356,0.00003577724,0.0001529708,0.00002567767,0.0003512963],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.08529749,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999905,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05839803966092368,"score_gpt":0.3334578516665183,"score_spread":0.2750598120055947,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}