{"id":"W4410013616","doi":"10.1038/s42003-025-08090-z","title":"Caffeine induces age-dependent increases in brain complexity and criticality during sleep","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Communications Biology","topic":"Sleep and Wakefulness Research","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Mila - Quebec Artificial Intelligence Institute; Université de Montréal; Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital; Canadian Sleep & Circadian Network; Institut national de psychiatrie légale Philippe-Pinel","funders":"CIHR Skin Research Training Centre; Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs; Government of Canada","keywords":"Caffeine; Sleep (system call); Neuroscience; Criticality; Psychology; Medicine; Anesthesia; Computer science; Internal medicine; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003607774,0.0000861556,0.0001716202,0.0002136577,0.0003555948,0.00003839177,0.0008662629,0.00008522943,0.00003068407],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003181049,0.00008154814,0.00002030048,0.0004320208,0.001325549,0.00006546633,0.001332048,0.0003283601,0.00001020891],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004734634,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003460939,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009868279,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001211873,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980785,0.001129401,0.0002207644,0.0002734418,0.00005837063,0.0002395626],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9968539,0.002034484,0.00002526682,0.0009981403,0.00003337368,0.00005477312],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006497208,0.0007587394,0.1087982,0.0000586739,0.00001366023,0.00001706464,0.0001724717,0.000002044892,0.2442142,0.6304356,0.00005917135,0.01540513],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002093168,0.00008934583,0.7685204,0.00008808661,0.00001528511,0.00002784408,0.0004232957,0.001612615,0.1090974,0.1128838,0.004775832,0.0003729494],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9816958,0.0005171672,0.00008017987,0.01033524,0.00002952175,0.0001922208,0.00002956978,0.00004716091,0.007073165],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986574,0.0002640169,0.0001736521,0.0006907007,0.000008079981,0.00008294345,0.00001471993,0.000004298399,0.0001041838],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6597222,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4884039,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1420410278486481,"score_gpt":0.4131512755593293,"score_spread":0.2711102477106812,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}