{"id":"W4410068856","doi":"10.3390/mi16050559","title":"A Highly Sensitive Giant Magnetoresistive (GMR) Biosensor Based on the Magnetic Flux Concentrator Effect","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Micromachines","topic":"Magnetic Field Sensors Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Defense Basic Scientific Research Program of China; National Natural Science Foundation of China; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; British Columbia Innovation Council","keywords":"Biosensor; Sensitivity (control systems); Materials science; Concentrator; Magnetic field; Magnetoresistance; Giant magnetoresistance; Magnetic nanoparticles; Optoelectronics; Nanotechnology; Electronic engineering; Optics; Physics; Engineering; Nanoparticle","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005248224,0.0007066898,0.0009905159,0.0005101704,0.0002716281,0.0004015595,0.0009881016,0.001012407,0.0006018784],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005421304,0.0004313306,0.0003138345,0.0003348734,0.0005346108,0.000684441,0.0003446744,0.0006212019,0.0006237071],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003698097,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003576193,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002799866,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00057667,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993315,0.00008898804,0.00003707748,0.0002208562,0.000275612,0.00004604152],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997324,0.00007895594,0.00007613994,0.00001997303,0.00005948754,0.00003298915],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001168031,0.00001097738,0.00004568605,0.00004244655,0.000003030449,0.00003511708,0.000008347571,0.00004128367,0.9971866,0.0001019749,0.00007829074,0.002434615],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000126347,0.0002436718,0.0005742688,0.000004778388,0.00001092264,0.0003551261,0.000009637074,0.001968715,0.9943516,0.00004531413,0.002403075,0.00002012677],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6028609,0.009318792,0.3670833,0.002244166,0.001172751,0.001008062,0.0007772577,0.006652099,0.00888265],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7134374,0.002455549,0.2755269,0.0007758974,0.000214945,0.0002395174,0.0002785094,0.0001228119,0.006948426],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001012407,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.00277555,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.002609723631176145,"score_gpt":0.1946398817544158,"score_spread":0.1920301581232397,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}