{"id":"W4410069274","doi":"10.3390/smartcities8030078","title":"A Systematic Literature Review on Flow Data-Based Techniques for Automated Leak Management in Water Distribution Systems","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Smart Cities","topic":"Water Systems and Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Leak; Computer science; Environmental science; Environmental engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005306597,0.00158929,0.003008278,0.01233577,0.0006211284,0.002591533,0.001733751,0.001896127,0.00623009],"category_scores_gemma":[0.03055145,0.0008114548,0.004618602,0.01063104,0.0008049947,0.002728631,0.001297917,0.001206531,0.0009427916],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001992636,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01361371,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009061522,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02055201,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9957277,0.001229847,0.001526545,0.000413858,0.0009827075,0.0001193864],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9688568,0.02526716,0.002674914,0.0004945333,0.002508195,0.0001984006],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"systematic_review","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001003042,0.0000670724,0.000717675,0.6105564,0.001182791,0.0001419583,0.0003483659,0.001069318,0.0003879539,0.001669204,0.007512617,0.3762463],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006216251,0.0002834067,0.004192828,0.7877317,0.009938909,0.0005327764,0.0004459893,0.0007325871,0.0006695788,0.002174387,0.1931489,0.00008663015],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0005393933,0.996231,0.001235858,0.0004897063,0.0001391297,0.0001504423,0.000337027,0.00002410324,0.0008533677],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.004592702,0.9917626,0.002584345,0.0003516777,0.00008724297,0.0001986888,0.0002623013,0.000009926494,0.0001503511],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01233577,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02806431,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.009640102179156259,"score_gpt":0.2331178942331136,"score_spread":0.2234777920539574,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}