{"id":"W4410089357","doi":"10.1002/admi.202401018","title":"Investigating the Mechanism of Ion Concentration Polarization Within Nanofluidic Hydrogel Membranes: Experiment and Simulation","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Advanced Materials Interfaces","topic":"Nanopore and Nanochannel Transport Studies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Research Institute Centers, New York University Abu Dhabi; York University; New York University Abu Dhabi","keywords":"Chemical physics; Materials science; Membrane; Electrokinetic phenomena; Ion; Electric field; Ionic bonding; Molecular dynamics; Concentration polarization; Nanotechnology; Nanofluidics; Polarization (electrochemistry); Hydrostatic pressure; Chemistry; Computational chemistry; Physical chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001278265,0.0001274386,0.0001817851,0.0000377657,0.00009436857,0.00002067619,0.00006314842,0.00004918457,0.000009030902],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000254908,0.00009832002,0.00001211216,0.0001035894,0.00005904454,0.0001783877,0.00001981909,0.00003180807,7.173895e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001916475,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008414148,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001389924,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004410177,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993111,0.00002094296,0.0003552028,0.000125213,0.00008375951,0.0001037254],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999709,0.00005462683,0.00008340222,0.00009801649,0.00004149037,0.00001349804],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001250246,0.000005107656,0.0000254691,0.0001862678,0.00003297376,1.239847e-7,0.001457921,0.03961198,0.9556469,0.002829924,0.00000220032,0.0001886446],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002452763,0.00003097327,0.00003849342,0.0002283211,0.00002357069,3.187177e-7,0.0005349845,0.004958758,0.9911148,0.002708452,0.00003017344,0.00008588693],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9883907,0.002324113,0.007973472,0.00003575971,0.0008039892,0.0002903243,0.00001090003,0.0000918122,0.00007894463],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990448,0.000432263,0.0003950098,0.00002822504,0.00002024955,0.00003052936,0.00001478819,0.00001196383,0.00002216153],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03546791,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4009374,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.009517348202109019,"score_gpt":0.2423447553389281,"score_spread":0.2328274071368191,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}