{"id":"W4410108824","doi":"10.1016/j.icte.2025.04.009","title":"Enhancing LEO direct-to-satellite channel modeling with the shadowing effect via K-distribution","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ICT Express","topic":"Satellite Communication Systems","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo","keywords":"Satellite; Channel (broadcasting); Distribution (mathematics); Computer science; Mathematics; Physics; Telecommunications; Engineering; Aerospace engineering; Mathematical analysis","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002415983,0.000399959,0.0003376862,0.0002555299,0.0002789494,0.0005215742,0.0005743752,0.0004528001,0.00109687],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009386427,0.0001901916,0.0004101172,0.0003783193,0.0004805988,0.0008943365,0.0004293574,0.0005445687,0.000308133],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006742975,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009281969,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008887423,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007896757,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999804,0.00004972665,0.000006772973,0.00002527818,0.00007196867,0.00004226384],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995829,0.0001807192,0.0000598852,0.00005173062,0.0001055468,0.00001915277],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002160746,0.00001228981,0.0007067827,0.00001521676,0.000006116353,0.00004699418,0.00002782075,0.9869479,0.002406162,0.005553689,0.0002135405,0.00404178],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000149796,0.000006080218,0.0001039907,0.000002328217,0.000002308299,0.00001543675,0.000006293077,0.998094,0.0005355003,0.0009332653,0.0002954455,0.000003727764],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1005459,0.0002915488,0.8875761,0.0002508792,0.00006849778,0.00004003549,0.0002344478,0.0004002078,0.01059232],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9764207,0.0003754328,0.01996064,0.00005799318,0.00002297549,0.00003507653,0.00009826006,0.00004871301,0.002980248],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.008887423,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01767135,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.008594481222478712,"score_gpt":0.2255601665554858,"score_spread":0.2169656853330071,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}