{"id":"W4410136796","doi":"10.1186/s12943-025-02305-x","title":"Advances in cancer immunotherapy: historical perspectives, current developments, and future directions","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Molecular Cancer","topic":"Immunotherapy and Immune Responses","field":"Immunology and Microbiology","cited_by":180,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Biology; Cancer immunotherapy; Immunotherapy; Current (fluid); Tumor immunology; Cancer; Engineering ethics; Computational biology; Data science; Computer science; Genetics; Oceanography; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001502578,0.0005903477,0.001471154,0.0005366664,0.0001762586,0.00002579201,0.0003221068,0.0005237461,0.0003849354],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002250369,0.0005033285,0.0003483693,0.0005797173,0.0001323031,0.0001215669,0.00009723779,0.0009574389,0.00001453186],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002085098,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001332576,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004027383,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001246381,"domain_scores_codex":[0.997614,0.0005753058,0.0005817579,0.0006896903,0.00006174327,0.0004775026],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991769,0.0001175991,0.0002538217,0.0003559589,0.0000758166,0.00001986076],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009580715,0.000128344,0.00001104557,0.002147282,0.0004098958,0.000006553664,0.0005152278,2.321954e-7,0.0001226085,0.00020332,0.0006947963,0.9956649],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006646956,0.00003369492,0.00004137424,0.006220924,0.000218312,0.00001888791,0.00007288925,3.007325e-8,0.00005380072,0.00001354212,0.9921467,0.0005152065],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0000132852,0.9944533,0.00003922054,0.0001978295,0.004149676,0.000718157,0.00006909015,0.00009170771,0.0002678093],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.000004473141,0.9951494,0.00002575967,0.00006408399,0.00009646188,0.001500893,0.00005600026,0.00007662319,0.003026356],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9951497,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997419,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01387709841399836,"score_gpt":0.3250502322318102,"score_spread":0.3111731338178118,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}