{"id":"W4410141943","doi":"10.2196/57455","title":"Infodemic Versus Viral Information Spread: Key Differences and Open Challenges","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"JMIR Infodemiology","topic":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Misinformation; Public health; Context (archaeology); Preparedness; Pandemic; Public relations; Political science; Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Medicine; Disease; Geography; Infectious disease (medical specialty)","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008910956,0.0001251359,0.0002616002,0.000177205,0.0003430957,0.0001809374,0.0005172683,0.0002740492,0.0001054728],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001135342,0.000110412,0.00003011531,0.0001539524,0.0003127849,0.002021551,0.0003504239,0.0001981549,0.00007886649],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000794186,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002715924,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008208682,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006927723,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988154,0.0002068617,0.000399322,0.0001174132,0.0001346188,0.00032638],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990111,0.0004196907,0.0001782257,0.000176851,0.00009176291,0.000122346],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000197222,0.00001438948,0.00980854,0.00003417714,0.00002524941,1.677019e-7,0.06413335,0.0000085579,0.000002198254,0.838945,0.006166975,0.0806642],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002312189,0.0002076115,0.3768003,0.00006664574,0.00001816549,0.000001215839,0.03134287,0.0005452122,0.000007819622,0.02953267,0.5588343,0.0003309404],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4771305,0.0002698515,0.0001521516,0.008903209,0.0005516692,0.0005477366,0.000006125377,0.000102368,0.5123364],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9944291,0.001918307,0.0002724028,0.0027029,0.00004932018,0.00003759165,0.000009402715,0.000002232709,0.0005787258],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8094123,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4502472,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.08610086543029116,"score_gpt":0.4070792422901107,"score_spread":0.3209783768598195,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}