{"id":"W4410152899","doi":"10.1109/mis.2025.3567372","title":"Empowering Future Spectrum Management and Regulation With Large Language Models","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Intelligent Systems","topic":"ICT Impact and Policies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Communications Research Centre Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Process management; Knowledge management; Data science; Business","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.007865223,0.0005909357,0.0004787808,0.0008667937,0.001289182,0.006526607,0.001896063,0.002117433,0.004789234],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0250564,0.0006069512,0.001036657,0.0007245336,0.003618473,0.007987783,0.004069718,0.003758337,0.0009449426],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002502775,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004165269,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005568459,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01095767,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9942811,0.004117528,0.0001750796,0.0004755275,0.0007124129,0.0002383798],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9785503,0.01707078,0.0009070064,0.00219562,0.0008973847,0.0003789399],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007676129,0.0001344325,0.00198555,0.0001528288,0.00005184051,0.0001897876,0.002660644,0.1410009,0.002203382,0.8040819,0.004556861,0.04290508],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003290411,0.00003369353,0.0002424396,0.0001056699,0.00002807216,0.00006643795,0.0006994911,0.4107385,0.001296485,0.5565922,0.03012573,0.00003843741],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.03600175,0.0004977583,0.9022039,0.01459035,0.0001775868,0.0001658166,0.0003421378,0.001095936,0.04492483],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7199199,0.0007715829,0.2680085,0.001832188,0.0001474827,0.00035686,0.0005225945,0.0003171241,0.008123848],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.007865223,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04159576,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007006839543789,"score_gpt":0.2420852073765071,"score_spread":0.2350783678327181,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}