{"id":"W4410169505","doi":"10.3389/fsoil.2025.1571243","title":"The extent and distribution of salt-affected soils in sub-Saharan Africa from 1970 to the present: a review of the current state of knowledge","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Frontiers in Soil Science","topic":"Soil and Land Suitability Analysis","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Current (fluid); Soil water; Distribution (mathematics); State (computer science); Environmental science; Geography; Environmental protection; Earth science; Soil science; Geology; Mathematics; Oceanography","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003155059,0.0002165519,0.0009594406,0.00008501158,0.0001659633,0.00002195188,0.001622091,0.00003781739,0.00000643138],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001080788,0.00009875739,0.0002689351,0.003954623,0.001596766,0.00008969622,0.0008622757,0.0002835988,0.000002550355],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002892487,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002482681,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008315263,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001687445,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9968872,0.0007254723,0.0008807947,0.0004982575,0.0006694098,0.0003388718],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981893,0.0004240544,0.0004350146,0.00084157,0.0000395472,0.00007048245],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004419453,0.00008102474,0.001724113,0.004153835,0.00001264614,1.323434e-7,0.0002581802,0.00006018916,0.000002132162,0.000002334586,0.002986891,0.9907141],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001978541,0.0000418891,0.1058213,0.06178561,0.0004448082,4.918261e-7,0.00003691559,0.001461087,0.00004956179,0.0006394429,0.8292013,0.0003197611],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.003427762,0.9944072,0.0001457265,0.0001453272,0.0003956353,0.001069945,0.0002204987,0.000003072445,0.0001848431],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.004554866,0.99524,0.00002149034,0.000006158195,0.000008633613,0.0001152024,0.00001144552,0.00000394529,0.00003821238],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9903944,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5883352,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01385062625665089,"score_gpt":0.2766362993372312,"score_spread":0.2627856730805803,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}