{"id":"W4410194470","doi":"10.1016/j.bpc.2025.107455","title":"Deterministic error propagation in ITC: Revealing multi-fold errors in Kd values under standard conditions","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Biophysical Chemistry","topic":"Advanced Electrical Measurement Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; York University","keywords":"Chemistry; Fold (higher-order function); Statistics; Programming language; Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007574058,0.0001687819,0.0002204963,0.00007028646,0.00003111505,0.00001549683,0.000124266,0.0001218407,0.000009091068],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001303471,0.000184331,0.00004562289,0.000482063,0.00005115377,0.00008201836,0.00002335749,0.0003060316,0.000003466457],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004628979,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003874571,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000588074,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006989978,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990424,0.0000159574,0.000290879,0.0002370808,0.0001521664,0.0002615444],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996541,0.00005884811,0.00002850543,0.0001783692,0.00003494986,0.00004519473],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001403105,0.00008141413,0.0002657281,0.0002449109,0.00000869098,0.000008284797,0.00001906636,0.004586424,0.9940046,0.0001635539,0.00009261142,0.0005106519],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004966678,0.00001655943,0.002820376,0.0003545344,0.00001313981,6.912208e-7,0.00003261684,0.03981319,0.9526303,0.003516729,0.00005825671,0.0002469422],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9520968,0.0001028969,0.0452087,0.000145574,0.00006706399,0.0003695617,0.00002618079,0.0006090062,0.001374238],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973749,0.000009470521,0.002289744,0.00004065309,0.00003216833,0.0001169869,0.00002184045,0.00002127766,0.00009294194],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04527814,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.75168,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01941802317615845,"score_gpt":0.2986851902205622,"score_spread":0.2792671670444038,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}