{"id":"W4410213709","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-85410-1_2","title":"Comparing and Contrasting Big History Periodization Approaches","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"World-systems evolution and global futures","topic":"Cosmology and Gravitation Theories","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Greenfield Research (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Periodization; History; Ancient history","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000129665,0.0002867875,0.0004246312,0.00012611,0.0003030118,0.00006522968,0.00006766005,0.0001289089,0.00003865165],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007645835,0.0002802705,0.00007270795,0.00003969433,0.0002030817,0.00005810849,0.00006370712,0.0001961183,0.000005174296],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001906394,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009880807,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003032945,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000244515,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990185,0.00004988795,0.0003040592,0.000348178,0.0001144796,0.000164858],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994261,0.00006347117,0.0002302281,0.0001363747,0.0000719818,0.00007190069],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002277366,0.000008349567,0.04208734,0.0000825141,0.0001338187,6.488618e-7,0.0001186974,0.00001634942,8.618825e-7,0.9470899,0.006211432,0.004227391],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011537,0.0000408288,0.07080628,0.000694477,0.0003931673,0.00001128611,0.001141446,0.0007559364,7.395521e-7,0.3422146,0.581921,0.00086656],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.001737453,0.03536172,0.01218505,0.0002064149,0.003257076,0.0006235871,0.0002706788,0.0001255807,0.9462324],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7709265,0.000005776365,0.00006710695,0.00003510229,0.0005018253,0.0000189101,0.0001637576,0.00001053762,0.2282705],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.769189,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999965,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02478494203983427,"score_gpt":0.2139981444595771,"score_spread":0.1892132024197428,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}