{"id":"W4410220543","doi":"10.3171/2025.3.jns25684","title":"History of tumor, spine, and trauma neurosurgery in Ukraine: growth and resilience","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of neurosurgery","topic":"Medical and Biological Sciences","field":"Medicine","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Medicine; Neurosurgery; Resilience (materials science); SPINE (molecular biology); General surgery; Radiology; Bioinformatics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004244377,0.0001016606,0.0001906657,0.001340257,0.002669308,0.001451918,0.0004211219,0.0005097135,0.002432958],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001917384,0.0001473892,0.0001511689,0.001546898,0.001867679,0.001331922,0.001930343,0.001334146,0.0001793367],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003551129,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004593055,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03932041,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.06247862,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996582,0.00007143647,0.00003258903,0.00006268421,0.00005592598,0.0001192803],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991187,0.0001688588,0.0002295006,0.00003251567,0.0001674866,0.0002829061],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003103204,0.0002536614,0.6428729,0.0006177146,0.0001451674,0.01189539,0.1155148,0.0009874592,0.002325431,0.07575843,0.01036406,0.1389546],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005118095,0.0001217205,0.7036467,0.0009475622,0.00006329121,0.009987605,0.07649019,0.0004282514,0.0005619075,0.01051466,0.1971716,0.00006157287],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9401458,0.02241404,0.0002556751,0.01165316,0.0003675059,0.00001346308,0.0004562946,0.0000153084,0.02467867],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9876037,0.009690873,0.0001090836,0.0004050093,0.000133048,0.000004720637,0.00013185,0.000007697256,0.001914071],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03932041,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.07818305,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02389784168520687,"score_gpt":0.2606502035414177,"score_spread":0.2367523618562108,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}