{"id":"W4410230501","doi":"10.1513/annalsats.202410-1017oc","title":"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Immigrants and Refugees to Ontario, Canada, 2002–2019","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of the American Thoracic Society","topic":"Migration, Health and Trauma","field":"Psychology","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Institute of Health Services and Policy Research; Sunnybrook Hospital; Health Sciences Centre; University Health Network; University of Toronto; Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences; Toronto Rehabilitation Institute; Sunnybrook Health Science Centre","funders":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","keywords":"Medicine; Pulmonary disease; Refugee; Immigration; Intensive care medicine; Internal medicine","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004711883,0.0002590162,0.0003134186,0.0009681862,0.002340029,0.0009002271,0.0008671444,0.0003499123,0.001691692],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001590622,0.0002532636,0.0005016637,0.002224736,0.0005756592,0.000355286,0.0008607153,0.0005335702,0.0001521653],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.02075983,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.02748102,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9913182,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9961346,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995086,0.00002971507,0.00004083411,0.00007878844,0.0001809536,0.0001610099],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984871,0.00003811537,0.0004029301,0.00002852377,0.0006023203,0.0004410112],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005860312,0.00002037261,0.9940884,0.00007426506,0.00004396838,0.0001371282,0.0006517935,0.00004131263,0.0001078749,0.00004024232,0.002153938,0.002582114],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000008854297,0.00001380933,0.9975517,0.00004734261,0.00001760746,0.00005833913,0.001080605,0.00006644853,0.00001825901,0.000009119276,0.001123263,0.000004629165],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9841505,0.001804406,0.00007785232,0.001426459,0.0000445226,0.00007643241,0.009848709,0.00001052122,0.002560599],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9940575,0.0009975712,0.0001267375,0.0003289162,0.00002012521,0.00004398307,0.00292853,0.000003243429,0.001493399],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02075983,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1506239,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02731993723040482,"score_gpt":0.3726860042028169,"score_spread":0.3453660669724121,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}