{"id":"W4410237436","doi":"10.11647/obp.0440.02","title":"2. A history of cross-cultural research on childhood learning","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Open Book Publishers","topic":"Early Childhood Education and Development","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Cross-cultural; Psychology; History; Developmental psychology; Anthropology; Sociology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["scholarly_communication","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002863127,0.0002433083,0.0003995532,0.0004761474,0.0006702807,0.002217806,0.001737432,0.0004638424,0.01294639],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001255861,0.0002420845,0.0001554375,0.0001416934,0.001088202,0.002431329,0.0004607264,0.001402555,0.0003350581],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002663402,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01424912,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002721089,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004000289,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9969243,0.0002350805,0.0004502432,0.0006037984,0.00131226,0.0004743369],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9974034,0.000313519,0.0002942445,0.0004122825,0.001325177,0.0002513593],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001261715,0.00003320311,0.0001197017,0.00001105953,0.00005227462,0.000001665484,0.0166311,0.000002031383,2.250391e-7,0.3155103,0.6621341,0.005491809],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002449063,0.00006128188,0.001119517,0.0003418123,0.000009279498,2.329051e-7,0.002542334,1.423618e-7,0.000001427539,0.004122755,0.9913028,0.0002534846],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.00007870261,0.001274361,3.238864e-7,0.003099482,0.001547634,0.0008400127,0.000005178508,0.00005461579,0.9930997],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.001870279,0.0002808577,0.0001143979,0.001045925,0.0002921452,0.00003691085,0.00007093869,0.00003314252,0.9962554],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3291688,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.998818,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1111156454879786,"score_gpt":0.422537652984904,"score_spread":0.3114220074969254,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}