{"id":"W4410240136","doi":"10.1007/s40964-025-01089-2","title":"Prediction of columnar and equiaxed grain morphologies during wire arc additive manufacturing of a Ti-Al-Fe-V alloy","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Progress in Additive Manufacturing","topic":"Additive Manufacturing Materials and Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Institute of Cosmetic and Laser Surgery; Natural Resources Canada; McMaster University","funders":"Ontario Centre of Innovation","keywords":"Equiaxed crystals; Materials science; Alloy; Arc (geometry); Metallurgy; Geometry; Mathematics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003256921,0.0005751282,0.0008847699,0.0006802828,0.0001483549,0.00007367245,0.0003617488,0.0002335395,0.0001939389],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001019683,0.00059482,0.0001282655,0.0002030994,0.0005824543,0.0004311944,0.0003899236,0.0004420947,0.000003426469],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001729222,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003848051,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004133146,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003186551,"domain_scores_codex":[0.997278,0.0001161421,0.0009267639,0.0006491709,0.0003481122,0.0006817783],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987834,0.0003555015,0.000310754,0.0003607895,0.0000939115,0.00009563862],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.003683464,0.001598287,0.03573532,0.03603838,0.00474616,0.001129056,0.0122851,0.01641154,0.1449747,0.002053888,0.006215937,0.7351282],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001065064,0.00009212166,0.1684178,0.001302203,0.00005084513,0.0000144435,0.0005095758,0.0003848306,0.8256168,0.000978362,0.001208428,0.0003595171],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.993623,0.001247259,0.0004599386,0.0000513528,0.0004922998,0.0007537775,0.001686153,0.0003627808,0.001323395],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975181,0.0009637655,0.0007945001,0.00002349833,0.00008085744,0.0003028747,0.0001585449,0.00007360818,0.00008430659],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7347687,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996503,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01209094206820688,"score_gpt":0.2329424188439493,"score_spread":0.2208514767757425,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}