{"id":"W4410253479","doi":"10.1093/ejcts/ezaf164","title":"Randomized Trials in Cardiac Surgery: Why and How","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery","topic":"Cardiac and Coronary Surgery Techniques","field":"Medicine","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; Austrian Science Fund; British Heart Foundation; Canadian Institutes of Health Research; National Institute for Health and Care Research; Abiomed; Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung; Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute; Edwards Lifesciences; National Institutes of Health; LivaNova","keywords":"Randomized controlled trial; Medicine; Cardiac surgery; Specialty; Session (web analytics); Clinical trial; Gold standard (test); Intensive care medicine; Surgery; Family medicine; Internal medicine","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[{"model":"gemma","categories":[],"domain":null,"study_design":"not_applicable","genre":"review","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"high","status":"direct model label, unvalidated"},{"model":"gpt","categories":["metaresearch"],"domain":"methods","study_design":"design_other","genre":"review","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"medium","status":"direct model label, unvalidated"}],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":["metaresearch"],"category_scores_codex":[0.441696,0.002025661,0.006987015,0.004666263,0.002093434,0.01633141,0.003915259,0.01052643,0.006810195],"category_scores_gemma":[0.6791823,0.002098503,0.004453772,0.005239184,0.02065744,0.02134726,0.005032796,0.01339271,0.002588039],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.009271123,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01982024,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003182519,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002817346,"domain_scores_codex":[0.3553832,0.5568066,0.03679834,0.01653815,0.03262138,0.00185243],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.1518034,0.791044,0.0200639,0.0193535,0.01629459,0.001440542],"domain_codex":"methods","domain_gemma":"methods","domain_candidate":"methods","domain_consensus":"methods","study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001218318,0.0001969058,0.003970918,0.1156913,0.004696718,0.0002036093,0.003412409,0.003812147,0.000510685,0.4332643,0.06592409,0.3670986],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001780218,0.0004981264,0.002366966,0.1894183,0.002820201,0.0004546679,0.001407161,0.005105842,0.0009074741,0.5833998,0.2115286,0.0003124945],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.001927671,0.4932659,0.09737491,0.3769436,0.0171328,0.002449563,0.0008313167,0.0004502071,0.009624025],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1380957,0.300321,0.290175,0.2274363,0.02582389,0.01373078,0.0005806567,0.0008736088,0.002962973],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.558304,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6884882,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0965507473224539,"score_gpt":0.3640554668158922,"score_spread":0.2675047194934383,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}