{"id":"W4410257800","doi":"10.1016/j.frl.2025.107480","title":"The Effect of Chinese Real-time Air Pollution Monitoring on Corporate Social Responsibility: A Spatial Difference-in-difference Analysis","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Finance research letters","topic":"Energy, Environment, Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Corporate social responsibility; Difference in differences; Air pollution; Significant difference; Pollution; Business; Econometrics; Environmental science; Economics; Natural resource economics; Statistics; Political science; Mathematics; Public relations","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003661012,0.0002418032,0.0007463525,0.001068595,0.000373822,0.00006219957,0.0006204491,0.0001348295,0.00001844468],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007346919,0.0002133988,0.000246843,0.001747217,0.0004483149,0.00009156213,0.0002105607,0.0005173627,0.00007812963],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007966448,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004460734,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001639705,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001844347,"domain_scores_codex":[0.997131,0.0004804971,0.0007886956,0.0007544788,0.0001603904,0.0006849107],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976256,0.001066654,0.0004814815,0.0007563927,0.00002304179,0.0000468251],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006804891,0.00006999615,0.9796459,0.00004338892,0.0001879846,0.000007762066,0.0001736639,0.002962841,0.00524181,0.007665653,0.0001335778,0.003186908],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006689079,0.000170644,0.9882401,0.00004156191,0.00001052556,1.119097e-7,0.000008224395,0.003217755,0.001642779,0.005699637,0.0001379915,0.0001618281],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9934425,0.0001553593,0.0002945271,0.004004225,0.0001930492,0.000393507,0.00007972774,0.00001892339,0.001418156],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980323,0.000381992,0.00004120729,0.00005636038,0.00009704113,0.0001502275,0.00001157354,0.00001844795,0.001210903],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.008594109,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8702151,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03080606048697244,"score_gpt":0.2854308693674178,"score_spread":0.2546248088804454,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}