{"id":"W4410258168","doi":"10.1016/j.ensm.2025.104314","title":"Can ultra-dense cathode agglomerates be treated as solid particles? Direct evidence from single high-nickel NCM particle microelectrode","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy storage materials","topic":"Advancements in Battery Materials","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Hyperion Technologies (Canada)","funders":"Key Technologies Research and Development Program; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Materials science; Agglomerate; Nickel; Cathode; Microelectrode; Particle (ecology); Nanotechnology; Chemical engineering; Metallurgy; Composite material; Electrode; Physical chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002888005,0.0005208139,0.0007665946,0.000109289,0.0001713891,0.0003478627,0.0004097796,0.0001663585,0.001047544],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000239198,0.0005303515,0.00005127359,0.0003218267,0.0001040412,0.0003725177,0.00009451227,0.00008108379,0.00008798201],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003880137,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004723701,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003080886,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002945032,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9971302,0.0003611336,0.0007995041,0.0006304082,0.0002430239,0.0008357062],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985162,0.0003158464,0.000151638,0.0008009643,0.00007560762,0.0001397192],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001418135,0.00008445709,0.0000710081,0.00004834551,0.0001665579,0.00006972879,0.0002861223,0.005634438,0.9906573,0.0002412484,0.002076612,0.0005223935],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005101272,0.00009338557,0.000243334,0.0002366818,0.0001140561,0.000005156522,0.00002981386,0.0001169588,0.9955308,0.001189403,0.001429382,0.0005009339],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9941389,0.001014555,0.0009121463,0.0004692354,0.001942466,0.0002109929,0.000380717,0.0007591234,0.0001718778],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9959072,0.0002994455,0.0009009432,0.0006664916,0.0002683639,0.0002118729,0.00015917,0.0001128955,0.001473588],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005517479,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998657,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01539096373873143,"score_gpt":0.246844872849445,"score_spread":0.2314539091107136,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}