{"id":"W4410259491","doi":"10.1186/s12890-025-03697-8","title":"Prevalence of chronic respiratory disease using case-finding tools in adults living with noncommunicable disease in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"BMC Pulmonary Medicine","topic":"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research","field":"Medicine","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico; Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior; National Institute for Health and Care Research","keywords":"Medicine; Low and middle income countries; Disease; Burden of disease; Environmental health; Chronic disease; Low income; Disease burden; Gerontology; Intensive care medicine; Developing country; Pathology; Socioeconomics; Economic growth","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01562659,0.001513797,0.0103094,0.02186959,0.0007360037,0.003469049,0.002813622,0.001968716,0.00370223],"category_scores_gemma":[0.08656114,0.001357333,0.008567593,0.0218524,0.00110006,0.003721857,0.001934978,0.0008887588,0.0002769843],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004657455,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0117819,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009525364,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02309347,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9773406,0.005460877,0.01136422,0.001598059,0.003848132,0.000388111],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9114671,0.0642454,0.01710992,0.001183171,0.00550889,0.0004854782],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"systematic_review","study_design_gemma":"systematic_review","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001166596,0.00001353902,0.003249157,0.9692401,0.008316413,0.00009570731,0.000300965,0.0000480423,0.00006493295,0.00009565795,0.0007952593,0.01766368],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001822366,0.0001771544,0.01254795,0.928713,0.05068509,0.0004750601,0.0005099923,0.0001028155,0.00009917523,0.0001447327,0.006314702,0.00004812505],"study_design_candidate":"systematic_review","study_design_consensus":"systematic_review","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.004202685,0.9921892,0.0002232129,0.0002488983,0.0001143986,0.00117971,0.001477824,0.00001857418,0.0003455581],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.05235826,0.9407576,0.001940939,0.0005213728,0.0001244531,0.003065772,0.001075551,0.00001311239,0.0001428612],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02186959,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.08264232,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0618014027447765,"score_gpt":0.3611178186648208,"score_spread":0.2993164159200443,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}