{"id":"W4410264188","doi":"10.1016/j.pacfin.2025.102797","title":"International evidence on the cost of public debt issued by private versus public firms","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Pacific-Basin Finance Journal","topic":"Corporate Finance and Governance","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Debt; Business; Accounting; Monetary economics; Financial system; Finance; Economics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00129061,0.0001955374,0.0003165676,0.001746632,0.0003475497,0.003085683,0.0003737625,0.0006540493,0.007576818],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01038998,0.0001913734,0.0004980866,0.003120732,0.0008192515,0.002053087,0.0009750624,0.001386866,0.0005654522],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001215386,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004789885,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006444559,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007034005,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989752,0.0001599355,0.0001066788,0.0001947229,0.0003525534,0.0002110313],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9676467,0.008285319,0.01935511,0.00123227,0.002375669,0.001104999],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005718885,0.0001822879,0.9179906,0.0004094276,0.0003033319,0.0003317925,0.000566004,0.00207101,0.0007837355,0.0262571,0.005791957,0.04474083],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002929486,0.00009400208,0.9790943,0.0001993362,0.0001668296,0.0003303601,0.001042837,0.0007092318,0.001010696,0.003022031,0.01427681,0.00002417],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9135089,0.01014197,0.001427267,0.004373366,0.0001091225,0.00002696492,0.003313419,0.0000311386,0.06706783],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.993501,0.002270957,0.0001500294,0.0001839125,0.000120501,0.000006317915,0.001105891,0.00001071445,0.002650802],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007576818,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02534699,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0571344197248577,"score_gpt":0.2632579203172808,"score_spread":0.2061235005924231,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}