{"id":"W4410288687","doi":"10.1016/b978-0-44-313219-3.00083-6","title":"Ammonia production","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Elsevier eBooks","topic":"Ammonia Synthesis and Nitrogen Reduction","field":"Chemical Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Ammonia production; Production (economics); Ammonia; Environmental science; Chemistry; Economics; Organic chemistry; Microeconomics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001318426,0.001118755,0.0006063929,0.001040034,0.0005969481,0.001440801,0.0007246824,0.0009060649,0.1087981],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001530465,0.0004380034,0.000434898,0.001234144,0.0003200574,0.001301163,0.001153358,0.001128212,0.07949436],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007986177,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005141145,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002067373,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003657423,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998583,0.00000509364,0.000004275944,0.00003417095,0.00008185663,0.00001630167],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999624,0.000004568441,0.000002556895,0.000008720756,0.00001583217,0.00000593607],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008914137,0.00008653542,0.0001320593,0.0007863755,0.00001458367,0.0002654507,0.0001190451,0.0009902302,0.0661029,0.02400387,0.1323574,0.7750524],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000007349769,0.00003249665,0.0002718932,0.0001023304,0.000006818968,0.0002587626,0.00002763637,0.0003991048,0.01505604,0.004422267,0.9794079,0.000007382723],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.002729194,0.01656496,0.01059194,0.0005541639,0.0009004022,0.0000681984,0.000881227,0.001080812,0.966629],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.007091778,0.009128574,0.003735779,0.0002159302,0.0001030791,0.00004097722,0.0009604215,0.0002260892,0.9784975],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1087981,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.363966,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01100384574265552,"score_gpt":0.2167110807976382,"score_spread":0.2057072350549827,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}