{"id":"W4410291923","doi":"10.1016/j.xinn.2025.100948","title":"Foundation models and intelligent decision-making: Progress, challenges, and perspectives","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"The Innovation","topic":"Cognitive Science and Mapping","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Youth Innovation Promotion Association; National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents; Chongqing Basic Science and Advanced Technology Research Program; National Key Research and Development Program of China; Science and Technology Program of Hunan Province; Yunnan Key Research and Development Program; Centre Scientifique et Technique du Bâtiment; Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China; Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality; Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Peking Union Medical College Hospital; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Foundation (evidence); Management science; Engineering ethics; Computer science; Data science; Engineering; History; Archaeology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008608565,0.000169331,0.0003029004,0.0004058044,0.0002004666,0.0002663471,0.0004113475,0.00007291797,0.000001264944],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002357469,0.0001111492,0.00003125099,0.001256932,0.0001324077,0.0005789923,0.0004645826,0.0001665152,0.000003378834],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005686943,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001890652,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001001582,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002252544,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988178,0.00007665037,0.0003087013,0.000453128,0.0002096138,0.0001341144],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987359,0.0004076885,0.0002261053,0.0003025744,0.0003154323,0.00001226801],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[4.379254e-7,0.000005493649,5.373019e-8,0.0004107046,0.000007942551,3.30071e-7,0.0007225276,2.020013e-7,2.173387e-8,0.3412581,0.000009268308,0.6575848],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007863629,0.0000583825,0.00003756066,0.02159758,0.00008296276,0.00004164626,0.0006677118,0.007423693,5.553856e-7,0.5036474,0.465974,0.0003898876],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.000002996736,0.7474251,0.2504897,0.0005471524,0.000116052,0.0004237096,5.830105e-7,0.00003707074,0.0009576578],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.001098448,0.9948292,0.003860612,0.00004995192,0.00005194203,0.00006320382,0.000003624592,0.000004757869,0.0000383005],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.657195,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4532534,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1655861900012873,"score_gpt":0.3868059692876175,"score_spread":0.2212197792863302,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}