{"id":"W4410330041","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111218","title":"The use and abuse of ecosystem service concepts and terms","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Biological Conservation","topic":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Environmental resource management; Ecosystem; Ecosystem services; Service (business); Geography; Environmental planning; Business; Ecology; Environmental science; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01579042,0.00132794,0.0009514685,0.008118609,0.00385664,0.009036598,0.002820885,0.003391238,0.002033517],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02360326,0.0004229701,0.0009450363,0.01579617,0.02530062,0.01305796,0.005828069,0.005022632,0.0007374539],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.005578846,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004467826,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00762965,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007189848,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9772215,0.01348846,0.00236403,0.001611323,0.004115623,0.001199157],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9781283,0.01538775,0.002503529,0.00131633,0.002070184,0.0005939794],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001445016,0.000005781642,0.0005093139,0.0001779468,0.00001083086,0.000105809,0.004811591,0.0001714785,0.0001637735,0.9753556,0.005512808,0.01316063],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006694355,0.0000292973,0.001598816,0.001063983,0.00002817752,0.0008771216,0.008095024,0.001498436,0.0003437684,0.5383914,0.4480156,0.00005172792],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"commentary","genre_scores_codex":[0.06692044,0.1980551,0.2366884,0.152843,0.01464024,0.0001799653,0.001514121,0.0004294746,0.3287293],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7294508,0.07108141,0.1478488,0.02316915,0.006673441,0.0007984831,0.0009025859,0.0004941439,0.01958123],"genre_candidate":"commentary","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01579042,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.08350873,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03775945717127686,"score_gpt":0.2467078571744095,"score_spread":0.2089484000031326,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}