{"id":"W4410347571","doi":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101117","title":"Understanding research gaps and priorities for tobacco harm reduction in low-income and middle-income countries","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ethics Medicine and Public Health","topic":"Smoking Behavior and Cessation","field":"Medicine","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Health Research Council of New Zealand; Medical Research Council; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico; Ministry of Health, New Zealand; Australian Government; International Development Research Centre; Wellcome Trust; University of Otago","keywords":"Low and middle income countries; Harm; Harm reduction; Low income; Environmental health; Socioeconomics; Development economics; Economics; Economic growth; Psychology; Medicine; Developing country; Public health; Social psychology","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.06436151,0.001344984,0.003651418,0.02411727,0.004242326,0.02011093,0.003124296,0.006846922,0.009886243],"category_scores_gemma":[0.10837,0.0008548529,0.002517799,0.02443041,0.006458139,0.02531313,0.0104671,0.005039196,0.001222602],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.01338005,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.07749522,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01426994,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01594936,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9669173,0.01838078,0.00523181,0.002254606,0.004006717,0.003208736],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.827685,0.1312569,0.01147019,0.002211545,0.01968913,0.00768726],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003911677,0.0002454003,0.02254242,0.3199725,0.001544556,0.001382196,0.03587371,0.001756926,0.001113453,0.1254735,0.05628029,0.4334238],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001418811,0.0002593475,0.02183605,0.5018377,0.002217183,0.000857184,0.1109841,0.001175678,0.000610932,0.1191539,0.2407621,0.0001640572],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.012017,0.7313471,0.002642114,0.2405252,0.002104775,0.0002865366,0.001266742,0.00007179158,0.009738649],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.2853796,0.6562784,0.01769281,0.03501832,0.002236782,0.001125336,0.001337522,0.00004680937,0.0008844164],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.06436151,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3403803,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.443763278400323,"score_gpt":0.4902176028079251,"score_spread":0.04645432440760211,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}