{"id":"W4410403950","doi":"10.1002/lary.32246","title":"Artificial Intelligence in Surgical Training and Applications to Otolaryngology: A Scoping Review","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"The Laryngoscope","topic":"Surgical Simulation and Training","field":"Medicine","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Mount Sinai Hospital; SickKids Foundation; Hospital for Sick Children; University of Toronto; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Otorhinolaryngology; Medicine; Medical physics; MEDLINE; Artificial intelligence; Medical education; Computer science; Surgery","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.009938844,0.001364881,0.003396074,0.0172057,0.0009240826,0.003970402,0.001514814,0.003128399,0.004253276],"category_scores_gemma":[0.04759878,0.0009664356,0.003993907,0.01547612,0.001328111,0.002943559,0.001942933,0.001789929,0.0005060833],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003234616,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01358896,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006823122,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01474042,"domain_scores_codex":[0.99361,0.002000105,0.002339483,0.0004172557,0.001457962,0.0001751824],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9499789,0.04104784,0.004581638,0.0004725585,0.00360371,0.0003154018],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"systematic_review","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001034128,0.00005278024,0.0008542714,0.7594879,0.001579783,0.0001666923,0.0004964952,0.000296256,0.0002388657,0.001225405,0.004813294,0.2306848],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003037091,0.00009024617,0.001830249,0.9614301,0.004097112,0.0003074092,0.00029552,0.000112354,0.00009254168,0.0005434817,0.03115126,0.00001939232],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0002747749,0.9986278,0.0001323267,0.0003110488,0.0001268007,0.00009888964,0.00004210496,0.000004058088,0.0003822053],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.002415989,0.9965478,0.0003761593,0.0002682014,0.0001012017,0.0001719763,0.00004609995,0.000002231248,0.00007036312],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0172057,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0525623,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1413007409447398,"score_gpt":0.4430577856933171,"score_spread":0.3017570447485773,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}