{"id":"W4410409577","doi":"10.1007/s00415-025-13093-1","title":"The role of serum neurofilament light (sNfL) as a biomarker in multiple sclerosis: insights from a systematic review","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Journal of Neurology","topic":"Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies","field":"Medicine","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Ottawa Hospital","funders":"Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation","keywords":"Multiple sclerosis; Biomarker; Neuroradiology; Neurology; Medicine; Neuroscience; Pathology; Biology; Immunology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001162538,0.0005274217,0.006309866,0.0007482436,0.0001006004,0.00002608028,0.0008487374,0.0003099459,0.00002944696],"category_scores_gemma":[0.009314922,0.0002736669,0.001261722,0.0008440617,0.0001722032,0.00006633619,0.0004418523,0.001525794,0.00002486616],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001183967,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007658048,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003854061,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006223033,"domain_scores_codex":[0.991833,0.002853199,0.00353724,0.0004193559,0.0009027413,0.0004544338],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9906148,0.005105537,0.002705301,0.0009116739,0.00047122,0.0001914427],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"systematic_review","study_design_gemma":"systematic_review","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003225898,0.000408068,0.0001447672,0.8815443,0.002031703,0.0003989127,0.0001175865,2.234042e-7,0.0002470621,0.0000198113,0.001553978,0.113211],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001107872,0.0008300722,0.001667887,0.7355641,0.003495664,0.0002947212,0.00003201678,0.00002149006,0.00001304541,0.00004805892,0.2567635,0.0001616196],"study_design_candidate":"systematic_review","study_design_consensus":"systematic_review","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0004522149,0.9933768,5.169514e-7,0.002129982,0.0004189371,0.003334761,0.00002840284,0.000009267928,0.000249119],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.002239523,0.9964437,0.00001783538,0.0008668937,0.00009718166,0.0002210553,0.000004284094,0.00004514655,0.00006434485],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2552095,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999716,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.07726516631243058,"score_gpt":0.3453807959235322,"score_spread":0.2681156296111016,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}