{"id":"W4410413410","doi":"10.1029/2024jd043133","title":"Simulation of Tilted Rooftop Photovoltaic Panels at City Scale: Novel Measurements, Model Development, and Application in WRF","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres","topic":"Urban Heat Island Mitigation","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Western University; University of Guelph","funders":"Alliance de recherche numérique du Canada; Environment and Climate Change Canada; Western University","keywords":"Weather Research and Forecasting Model; Photovoltaic system; Scale (ratio); Scale model; Meteorology; Environmental science; Aerospace engineering; Remote sensing; Geography; Engineering; Electrical engineering; Cartography","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003246728,0.0005716172,0.0005218059,0.000296997,0.0005937667,0.0007938289,0.001094047,0.001137266,0.00133672],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007800767,0.0002583653,0.0008264682,0.000729054,0.000433003,0.0005511261,0.0004446541,0.0008585602,0.0001726693],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001475191,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009639059,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.2129042,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1356881,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998387,0.000026756,0.000007259942,0.00003848322,0.00004363541,0.00004507579],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996811,0.0001012833,0.00002601179,0.00006023982,0.00009473242,0.00003668912],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002777069,0.00007141771,0.006464282,0.00001957457,0.00001747563,0.00007772203,0.00002530103,0.9897268,0.001199727,0.0002400532,0.0003704916,0.001759276],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001745788,0.00001376656,0.002612135,0.00000177635,0.000004077576,0.000004884829,0.00002536976,0.9966236,0.0004272733,0.00006857287,0.0001948718,0.000006192512],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9846646,0.00007372715,0.007321293,0.0001363631,0.00002461424,0.00004767705,0.00221306,0.0004526451,0.005065987],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9939373,0.00003755673,0.004378945,0.00001975066,0.000005051385,0.00003173264,0.001120544,0.00004411612,0.0004250502],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2129042,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.42333,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.06508739404155259,"score_gpt":0.3330754228552238,"score_spread":0.2679880288136712,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}