{"id":"W4410431390","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-91371-6_5","title":"Operationalization, Measurement, and Interpretation of Sex/Gender","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Demographic Trends and Gender Preferences","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Northern British Columbia; Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières; McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Operationalization; Interpretation (philosophy); Psychology; Epistemology; Sociology; Computer science; Philosophy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01020599,0.0005312437,0.0005477619,0.003443727,0.001830228,0.007438484,0.001364122,0.0009998926,0.009426828],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01365499,0.0002469358,0.0002987862,0.003121952,0.0231875,0.00730646,0.004064084,0.002427034,0.0009389329],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00288535,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002929339,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003110837,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004360798,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9925487,0.004785183,0.0002498782,0.0006458282,0.001595306,0.0001749874],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9912691,0.006145981,0.0007236388,0.0005466557,0.001062574,0.0002519894],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001507485,0.000009893098,0.002406427,0.0001453191,0.000006124251,0.00008238923,0.01528154,0.0001318067,0.0003064485,0.9352286,0.004560773,0.0418255],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005921673,0.00004362515,0.008289562,0.001955655,0.00001584182,0.0006871396,0.04131693,0.001028567,0.001131391,0.7248764,0.2206057,0.0000433275],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.05884729,0.02850676,0.1295258,0.02417819,0.002505818,0.0002764753,0.0007239644,0.0001893477,0.7552464],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8538279,0.01950387,0.06658028,0.004878344,0.000947227,0.0005368638,0.0004313658,0.0002196261,0.05307453],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01020599,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.05397505,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.06785005721769495,"score_gpt":0.3027362014482186,"score_spread":0.2348861442305237,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}