{"id":"W4410431972","doi":"10.1183/23120541.00076-2025","title":"Resting lung volume phenotypes in COPD: implications for exertional dyspnoea and exercise tolerance","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ERJ Open Research","topic":"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research","field":"Medicine","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University; Kingston Health Sciences Centre","funders":"","keywords":"Medicine; Exertional dyspnea; COPD; Cardiology; Internal medicine; Lung; Phenotype; Lung volumes; Physical therapy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001776682,0.0001485692,0.000356149,0.0004926363,0.0004685236,0.0001979261,0.0005517754,0.0001020393,0.0002785941],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008604331,0.0001480511,0.00005145193,0.001133918,0.0003589312,0.0002742284,0.0008391838,0.0005611735,0.00003340907],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005761223,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001369197,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006879412,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000150246,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975677,0.0001628552,0.0003514748,0.0007046685,0.0004790831,0.0007342321],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978476,0.0005471828,0.00003568702,0.0005932736,0.0007214074,0.0002548257],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.003993193,0.0008760506,0.7252699,0.002681244,0.00009583183,0.00005860434,0.0003560525,0.00007608058,0.00533708,0.0381381,0.1112216,0.1118963],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002907871,0.00005829503,0.9641528,0.0008913678,0.00002235164,0.000007924983,0.0003555208,0.009158412,0.0001845194,0.00821054,0.01390823,0.0001421851],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8397286,0.01354161,0.0006597254,0.04932628,0.0001748679,0.01491069,0.0003117537,0.00008217622,0.08126427],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9503961,0.0002250812,0.002945128,0.0001641699,0.0001330021,0.002956787,0.0001368311,0.00004022554,0.0430027],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2388829,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6037349,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.06726614569635478,"score_gpt":0.4302013726860207,"score_spread":0.3629352269896658,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}