{"id":"W4410469786","doi":"10.21608/tjhss.2025.340427.1298","title":"Raising University Students’ Critical Awareness of the Linguistic Limitations and the Potential Invalid Knowledge of ChatGPT Responses to Academic Writing Prompts","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Transcultural Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences/Transcultural Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences ","topic":"Text Readability and Simplification","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Prince Edward Island","funders":"","keywords":"Raising (metalworking); Psychology; Linguistics; Consciousness raising; Academic writing; Mathematics education; Pedagogy; Mathematics; Philosophy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01751998,0.0005055621,0.0005957658,0.001520143,0.002607376,0.004533503,0.001258846,0.001315418,0.002239678],"category_scores_gemma":[0.09569412,0.0004307539,0.0003802737,0.0006422933,0.002328012,0.00253403,0.003979653,0.001933781,0.0006797856],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001503049,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003217445,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005830172,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009350877,"domain_scores_codex":[0.984382,0.009496067,0.001336623,0.0009726856,0.002933592,0.00087906],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.8794922,0.06812839,0.02469343,0.007228932,0.01604564,0.004411359],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007672669,0.001282895,0.1458255,0.001472756,0.00006681777,0.00311918,0.5708507,0.0004198224,0.05203615,0.001393865,0.002750168,0.2200149],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001225263,0.003908617,0.2089479,0.0020143,0.0002420199,0.005204221,0.6552649,0.003393671,0.07147252,0.005176457,0.04383555,0.0004173993],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9925658,0.0001732736,0.00370493,0.0006312559,0.00004112875,0.0001848905,0.00001426854,0.00007738908,0.002606956],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.994093,0.0002010851,0.004128296,0.0002582211,0.00002584913,0.0002359009,0.00001644392,0.00001859282,0.001022718],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01751998,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0926556,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1438738242997092,"score_gpt":0.3649760790440655,"score_spread":0.2211022547443563,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}