{"id":"W4410475044","doi":"10.56553/popets-2025-0103","title":"Your Signal, Their Data: An Empirical Privacy Analysis of Wireless-scanning SDKs in Android","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","topic":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Android (operating system); Computer science; Wireless; Internet privacy; Computer security; Telecommunications; Operating system","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01155005,0.0003850473,0.0003729663,0.002090471,0.001336,0.002579649,0.001162607,0.001002297,0.001721559],"category_scores_gemma":[0.07815783,0.00040188,0.0004975966,0.002324866,0.002411774,0.004101491,0.002598815,0.002482318,0.0007407092],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001001252,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001234022,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005501056,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006257579,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9862624,0.006701171,0.001196936,0.001788028,0.003242487,0.0008089097],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.8636158,0.09769315,0.01989189,0.009233642,0.008179481,0.001386144],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002278511,0.0004383946,0.9403783,0.0004213674,0.0001160506,0.0004006298,0.0323319,0.0003974025,0.0009332375,0.002253759,0.001974775,0.02012636],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002944342,0.0004778708,0.9100144,0.0005329702,0.0001231686,0.0009728754,0.06179616,0.01092885,0.001803534,0.001854188,0.01138263,0.0000838557],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9959721,0.0002509541,0.001258567,0.0002505583,0.000006449151,0.0001539432,0.0007348793,0.00001851647,0.001353965],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.996893,0.0001330089,0.001408701,0.0001304773,0.000008901306,0.0001380059,0.0007881463,0.00002075001,0.0004789535],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01155005,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0610832,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.06991623152422102,"score_gpt":0.3708688872702385,"score_spread":0.3009526557460175,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}