{"id":"W4410500560","doi":"10.3390/min15050538","title":"The Utilization of Slag, Steel Slag, and Desulfurization Gypsum as Binder Systems in UHPC with Iron Tailings and Steel Fibers—A Review","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Minerals","topic":"Tailings Management and Properties","field":"Engineering","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of the Fraser Valley","funders":"Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project; National Social Science Fund of China; National Office for Philosophy and Social Sciences","keywords":"Flue-gas desulfurization; Tailings; Slag (welding); Gypsum; Metallurgy; Materials science; Steelmaking; Ground granulated blast-furnace slag; Waste management; Cement; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002740822,0.0001192927,0.0001937004,0.00008902913,0.00004801041,0.00005779281,0.00006533825,0.00004319942,0.000004154582],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000421334,0.00008012987,0.00001202211,0.0002476664,0.00004040054,0.0001365739,0.00002498463,0.00005786128,0.00000119913],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000170803,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009471924,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008749493,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009305528,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999344,0.00003437576,0.0002630175,0.0001324539,0.0001011216,0.0001250553],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996969,0.00005115412,0.00005506422,0.0001370005,0.00004262638,0.00001727806],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006344842,0.0002155871,0.08088589,0.1258149,0.00100128,0.00002935692,0.008983462,0.07830384,0.4290139,0.05813881,0.05771388,0.1592646],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.007738397,0.0008166143,0.02650389,0.0449619,0.001133751,0.00002622878,0.0053239,0.2977081,0.03517565,0.00113908,0.5769475,0.002524994],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8700466,0.1210818,0.0003436924,0.0003813317,0.0001363805,0.0007842464,0.000002277813,0.00007019579,0.007153462],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9743882,0.0182926,0.00006461435,0.00008101558,0.00001476145,0.00003892823,0.0000103882,0.00001616419,0.007093285],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5192336,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3267601,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01394541119211259,"score_gpt":0.2260575205549063,"score_spread":0.2121121093627937,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}