{"id":"W4410512797","doi":"10.1007/s00127-025-02913-4","title":"Income inequality and deaths of despair: a population-based study of 19 million Canadian adults","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology","topic":"Health disparities and outcomes","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; Public Health Ontario; St. Michael's Hospital; Toronto Public Health; University of Alberta","funders":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Inequality; Epidemiology; Public health; Demography; Poison control; Injury prevention; Economic inequality; Occupational safety and health; Suicide prevention; Population; Human factors and ergonomics; Medicine; Environmental health; Geography; Gerontology; Socioeconomics; Sociology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007104662,0.0008173006,0.0008554754,0.002911198,0.004480496,0.002079999,0.002234179,0.001523591,0.002253359],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001942446,0.0007368827,0.001829886,0.0100544,0.0008530815,0.001039188,0.001834802,0.001967582,0.0003642032],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.02448197,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.02700387,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9936178,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.995061,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988366,0.00006937561,0.00008705178,0.0002013893,0.0002592386,0.0005464152],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985524,0.00005240906,0.0003003599,0.00006255518,0.0006058487,0.0004264393],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001081431,0.00007332445,0.9956571,0.00004100959,0.000170708,0.0000918119,0.0007050095,0.00006948552,0.00006268502,0.0001256551,0.001437859,0.001457188],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000009122467,0.00001680869,0.9973737,0.00003329625,0.00006208314,0.0000518458,0.001711166,0.0001212257,0.00001524717,0.00002560368,0.0005639099,0.00001602514],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9842975,0.001270526,0.00007872448,0.0005979065,0.00002793506,0.0000594637,0.01153623,0.00001359155,0.002118155],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9935998,0.0009428678,0.0001373035,0.0002712722,0.00002132938,0.00003400736,0.004269508,0.000007113865,0.0007168713],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02448197,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1776299,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03895622210853707,"score_gpt":0.3935341876847332,"score_spread":0.3545779655761962,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}