{"id":"W4410539370","doi":"10.3390/app15105731","title":"Review of Automatic Estimation of Emotions in Speech","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Sciences","topic":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","field":"Psychology","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique; Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Computer science; Speech recognition; Perception; Identification (biology); Emotion recognition; Presentation (obstetrics); Natural language processing; Artificial intelligence; Psychology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001231077,0.0009502021,0.00109772,0.001980901,0.0002531947,0.001195023,0.001099478,0.001009416,0.003616386],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003004973,0.0005259652,0.0007412254,0.001659889,0.0004842805,0.001352857,0.0005384789,0.0008382789,0.003349535],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000481112,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008475113,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001539287,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001294008,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994069,0.0001144454,0.00009125617,0.000168278,0.0001916029,0.00002748662],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978859,0.001302939,0.0001156685,0.00006842427,0.0005905231,0.00003656153],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000852001,0.00004134256,0.0004017334,0.01232094,0.0001144987,0.00008094872,0.0001007197,0.0008366504,0.003691904,0.002591484,0.01600911,0.9637254],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002349097,0.0003147193,0.008319912,0.008361,0.0004971281,0.001652708,0.0002376263,0.003196859,0.007618834,0.006406377,0.9632189,0.0001523833],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.001005492,0.9816325,0.01190093,0.0006433347,0.0006099411,0.00003142193,0.0001493505,0.0001020769,0.003924906],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.007045945,0.9766989,0.01096997,0.0005767336,0.001293755,0.00005943421,0.0004426953,0.00005197616,0.002860677],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003616386,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01209801,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0422772744431513,"score_gpt":0.3776647660276518,"score_spread":0.3353874915845004,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}