{"id":"W4410541520","doi":"10.1007/s43832-025-00228-8","title":"Biosurfactant-producing bacteria counteract hydrocarbon-driven delay of sulfolane migration in groundwater","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Discover Water","topic":"Microbial bioremediation and biosurfactants","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Shell Canada","keywords":"Sulfolane; Groundwater; Bacteria; Hydrocarbon; Chemistry; Environmental science; Petroleum engineering; Geology; Geotechnical engineering; Organic chemistry; Paleontology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001836717,0.0003275418,0.0002436581,0.0001714566,0.0001107783,0.000406081,0.0001945062,0.0002858115,0.0009000358],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003769793,0.00007948194,0.0001595186,0.00009942872,0.0001510631,0.0002416831,0.000351381,0.0003191811,0.0001851389],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001554177,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003735658,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001116661,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001842256,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998233,0.00003611525,0.00001201864,0.00002047148,0.00005171731,0.00005635908],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998271,0.00002916457,0.00004934594,0.00001139208,0.00004221398,0.00004090341],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009279967,0.00005445244,0.0001843705,0.00004692948,0.000004105708,0.00001756834,0.00001556467,0.000127406,0.9948058,0.00005854444,0.00005500926,0.004537364],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001269259,0.0005981929,0.001572827,0.00001111116,0.000008879811,0.00002853722,0.00004240484,0.00122569,0.9945408,0.00004567604,0.001908465,0.000004831283],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9945824,0.001194576,0.002567073,0.0002022217,0.00005428034,0.00003481171,0.00007104603,0.00009810348,0.001195529],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9947593,0.000674128,0.002919716,0.00007965104,0.00001294665,0.00002071365,0.00009193098,0.00001579893,0.001425887],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001116661,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003010929,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.005596183100082935,"score_gpt":0.2127063846069867,"score_spread":0.2071102015069037,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}