{"id":"W4410549723","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.119949","title":"Energetic and techno-economic analysis of harvesting energy from low-grade heat by thermo-osmotic energy conversion","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy Conversion and Management","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Concordia University","keywords":"Heat energy; Energy transformation; Energy (signal processing); Thermodynamics; Energy harvesting; Environmental science; Chemistry; Engineering; Nuclear engineering; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001250901,0.0003737872,0.00061652,0.0006880129,0.0002435747,0.00006815068,0.000308567,0.0001912997,0.0003555317],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004779302,0.00036657,0.000183309,0.0006562434,0.000183509,0.0001334651,0.0003755341,0.00006886974,0.000003856181],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001119911,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001961199,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1277595,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001671799,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979696,0.0001118995,0.0005770419,0.0007729904,0.0002114287,0.0003570091],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988717,0.0001298509,0.0001996437,0.0005940872,0.00004127136,0.0001634592],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008534591,0.0002524619,0.001001111,0.0001790773,0.003819161,0.00001530704,0.0001005264,0.05763392,0.02424798,0.8620696,0.004805953,0.04578955],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002343391,0.00007495398,0.00251034,0.0002244595,0.001982117,0.000001679216,0.0008492596,0.2929386,0.05156626,0.001611949,0.6451358,0.0007611805],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8380801,0.009605011,0.0558597,0.002969677,0.001251948,0.0003754147,0.0001871237,0.0006504612,0.09102056],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9810963,0.003412365,0.0001679759,0.0009217088,0.00003362105,0.00007025139,0.0002762821,0.00003189128,0.01398964],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8604577,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998786,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.004531714861862668,"score_gpt":0.1918749010698685,"score_spread":0.1873431862080058,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}