{"id":"W4410551584","doi":"10.1016/j.aeaoa.2025.100335","title":"Nitrous oxide prediction through machine learning and field-based experimentation: A novel strategy for data-driven insights","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Atmospheric Environment X","topic":"Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph; Dalhousie University; University of Prince Edward Island","funders":"","keywords":"Field (mathematics); Nitrous oxide; Machine learning; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Data science; Chemistry; Mathematics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001024614,0.0001570081,0.0001559294,0.000003144889,0.0002477051,0.00004440849,0.0001783698,0.00006402587,0.0001481858],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001696193,0.0001454941,0.00003498548,0.0001007123,0.0000823721,0.0002380504,0.0001815938,0.0001014562,0.00001717225],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001140302,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006496996,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001471494,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001409036,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988641,0.0000474246,0.0002327842,0.0004852459,0.0001879581,0.0001824626],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994569,0.0001018414,0.00007833891,0.0003147378,0.000001951963,0.0000462371],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001850801,0.000836321,0.4001495,0.0001028327,0.0003390117,0.000007346022,0.001313087,0.3944286,0.1805154,0.0001781684,0.002098172,0.0198465],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003077123,0.0006846123,0.02321344,0.0000551383,0.0003952517,0.000002400515,0.001358235,0.817822,0.04222046,0.0004841118,0.1100542,0.0006329293],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7636981,0.0003525177,0.234748,0.0003530841,0.00006524215,0.0002709189,0.00001575684,0.00006264589,0.0004337099],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9445044,0.00009234301,0.05308273,0.000171692,0.0000369569,0.00007608611,0.00016538,0.00001369761,0.001856738],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4233935,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5933076,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0304559314891221,"score_gpt":0.2818287026819933,"score_spread":0.2513727711928712,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}