{"id":"W4410554700","doi":"10.1021/acsomega.4c08529","title":"Removal of Tobacco Specific Carcinogenic Nitrosamines in Mainstream Cigarette Smoke and Aqueous Solution─A Review","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"ACS Omega","topic":"Sulfur Compounds in Biology","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Innovation Cluster (Canada)","funders":"Nanotechnology Innovation Centre; University of Johannesburg; University of Pretoria; Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, South Africa; Department of Science and Innovation, South Africa","keywords":"Carcinogen; Sidestream smoke; Cigarette smoke; Tobacco smoke; Nitrosamine; Chemistry; Aqueous solution; Third-hand smoke; Environmental chemistry; Smoke; Toxicology; Organic chemistry; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000365122,0.0004720252,0.001598632,0.0002182099,0.000040964,0.00001230901,0.0005280793,0.0006246659,0.00000542887],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003106436,0.0004247039,0.0003454368,0.0004090555,0.0002244581,0.000003064609,0.0005020439,0.0002999956,0.000003110632],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007624724,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003251747,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003335757,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000606347,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975694,0.0002900543,0.0008682175,0.0007606733,0.000131747,0.0003799167],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984158,0.0001156081,0.0003612292,0.0009471539,0.00009866854,0.00006150032],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001719304,0.00005511758,0.0002991285,0.01879186,0.0001994957,0.0001003957,0.000004243075,8.365018e-8,0.00053942,0.00006890848,0.005212635,0.9747115],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002318862,0.0001006524,0.00006365666,0.01368816,0.0002611073,0.0007261504,0.000003096659,8.80963e-8,0.0001797443,0.00003316918,0.9843515,0.0003608431],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.009752273,0.9877853,0.000006668489,0.00005487547,0.0003579598,0.0007359646,0.0001363101,0.00001137727,0.001159226],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.001427158,0.9962895,0.0002491709,0.000209866,0.0002310219,0.00009733228,0.0008711821,0.00003816682,0.000586628],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9791388,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998205,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0362381400140165,"score_gpt":0.308124551232457,"score_spread":0.2718864112184405,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}