{"id":"W4410564368","doi":"10.5539/jel.v14n5p273","title":"The Readiness Survey of Students in Using Artificial Intelligence for Distance Education in Higher Education","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Education and Learning","topic":"Educational Innovations and Challenges","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology; Mathematics education; Higher education; Distance education; Pedagogy","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001620628,0.0001462345,0.0001536224,0.0009620819,0.0004252722,0.0007362748,0.0002779605,0.0004212866,0.00310887],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005411095,0.0002041251,0.0002904827,0.0007406513,0.0002228199,0.0005705984,0.0006022218,0.0007095196,0.00122483],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003210142,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006703633,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001615327,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003095986,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991993,0.0001930392,0.0001380533,0.00005405765,0.0002479862,0.0001675461],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9954931,0.0008040873,0.001243719,0.0001311148,0.001238035,0.001090065],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004690548,0.0004209899,0.9827131,0.00004600132,0.00001166609,0.00005596708,0.001777358,0.00006693893,0.0008697446,0.00006672287,0.0008220265,0.01310261],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004606658,0.0007048972,0.9903213,0.000030074,0.000007255373,0.00008698783,0.006041958,0.0002322883,0.0004594421,0.0000385704,0.00206022,0.00001244094],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9983753,0.00001678849,0.00008797909,0.00009092718,0.000004395708,0.00006385775,0.0001932394,0.000004604352,0.001162864],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976709,0.00007419103,0.0003956453,0.00008179495,0.000004971821,0.000120345,0.0003962071,0.00000204224,0.001253738],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00310887,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01040018,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1135128351643536,"score_gpt":0.4363903038228317,"score_spread":0.3228774686584781,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}