{"id":"W4410571581","doi":"10.3389/feduc.2025.1577285","title":"AI’s impact on science education: a study of ant and bee mindsets in UAE science classrooms","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Education","topic":"Teaching and Learning Programming","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine","funders":"","keywords":"Science education; Mathematics education; Engineering; Computer science; Engineering ethics; Psychology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001600429,0.0001062696,0.0001506464,0.001768747,0.0002062615,0.000218737,0.0008279385,0.00003100889,9.042141e-7],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000338712,0.00009850544,0.00001590978,0.003312533,0.000294934,0.0006643139,0.0001275648,0.0002554763,6.934267e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005362379,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004940649,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007519362,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006100229,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985433,0.00009235257,0.0002387274,0.0005207557,0.0003334215,0.0002714001],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992639,0.00003935297,0.0001035974,0.0004040821,0.0001172941,0.00007181897],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000706946,0.001201389,0.3644135,0.00001070131,0.000002024457,1.937842e-7,0.01428399,0.0001921864,0.00007291907,0.001801552,0.0005220295,0.6174924],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002873804,0.0002722454,0.9788383,0.0001915972,0.000003792444,0.000002126735,0.01277539,0.005288166,0.0001036556,0.0009079484,0.001205185,0.0001241693],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9872984,0.0003673536,0.008514756,0.0007054338,0.002328354,0.0003388951,1.522377e-7,0.00002362682,0.0004229778],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9752939,0.000005099183,0.0243577,0.0001348784,0.00002158488,0.00003324179,5.399671e-7,0.000002941866,0.0001501257],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6173683,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8764498,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.005790624663484634,"score_gpt":0.3285744771744007,"score_spread":0.3227838525109161,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}