{"id":"W4410580447","doi":"10.3138/cpp.2024-049","title":"The Distributional Origins of the Canada-US GDP and Labour Productivity Gaps","year":2025,"lang":"fr","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Public Policy","topic":"Economic Theory and Policy","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Bank of Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Productivity; Economics; Economic geography; Labour economics; Demographic economics; Development economics; Economic growth","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008706876,0.0002091487,0.0003046539,0.003576525,0.002262458,0.002283473,0.0006610063,0.0003697368,0.005631389],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004872968,0.0001636441,0.0003077401,0.00896277,0.001676309,0.0009183055,0.002025297,0.0009128046,0.0002682201],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.01692635,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.02650054,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9765346,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9856402,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999029,0.00006415774,0.00003459255,0.0001573029,0.0002688623,0.00044609],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9971378,0.0004032327,0.0005941591,0.0001721467,0.001218641,0.0004740746],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002345462,0.00002662822,0.8526527,0.0002023535,0.0001370963,0.0003388362,0.01173717,0.00224233,0.0004457349,0.05505389,0.01708854,0.05984017],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000344208,0.000006198054,0.9789489,0.0001192999,0.00001782743,0.00004122618,0.004685766,0.0006260368,0.0001036031,0.001703618,0.01372485,0.00001936811],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9181799,0.00484482,0.0009254079,0.007688609,0.00006143995,0.0000274782,0.02273917,0.00005871778,0.04547444],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9936413,0.001015018,0.0002801792,0.0001460529,0.00001329915,0.00001026181,0.002779977,0.00001772694,0.002096216],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02346539,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1228098,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01005846914625983,"score_gpt":0.202878668898685,"score_spread":0.1928201997524251,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}