{"id":"W4410580447","doi":"10.3138/cpp.2024-049","title":"The Distributional Origins of the Canada-US GDP and Labour Productivity Gaps","year":2025,"lang":"fr","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Public Policy","topic":"Economic Theory and Policy","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Bank of Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Productivity; Economics; Economic geography; Labour economics; Demographic economics; Development economics; Economic growth","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008693549,0.0002024384,0.0003309998,0.0002706121,0.0009472091,0.0001962204,0.0006776147,0.0001578472,0.0001978615],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001697303,0.0001914305,0.00010234,0.000910376,0.0007985244,0.0002094347,0.0001299186,0.0003425004,0.00002016303],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004385352,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0185593,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9951797,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9985902,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981056,0.0001033943,0.0005346964,0.0003663323,0.00002584844,0.0008641391],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982647,0.0002228179,0.0003026446,0.0007270727,0.0000811848,0.0004015636],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002917473,0.00001264875,0.07970212,0.00004774164,0.00009308156,7.890044e-7,0.00005398224,0.000005015414,5.567176e-7,0.8755004,0.0391129,0.005467832],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001474599,0.000005152041,0.2003723,0.00001718424,0.000005863089,0.000007730506,0.00002854148,0.00003137593,0.00001789257,0.1078546,0.6913903,0.0001215659],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5523345,0.01023582,0.000006020909,0.3918706,0.002717797,0.0002437129,0.01570847,0.00000455671,0.02687848],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9196238,0.000595061,0.000004194588,0.00401621,0.0006741283,0.00001845528,0.00002122439,0.00001303248,0.07503389],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7676458,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994366,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01005846914625983,"score_gpt":0.202878668898685,"score_spread":0.1928201997524251,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}