{"id":"W4410608689","doi":"10.1002/fld.5397","title":"Extrapolation Boundary Conditions for 2‐D Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids","topic":"Fluid Dynamics Simulations and Interactions","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada; University of Ottawa","funders":"National Research Council Canada","keywords":"Smoothed-particle hydrodynamics; Extrapolation; Inflow; Mechanics; Laminar flow; Outflow; Reynolds number; Boundary (topology); Boundary value problem; Range (aeronautics); Computational fluid dynamics; Hagen–Poiseuille equation; Geometry; Flow (mathematics); Physics; Mathematics; Mathematical analysis; Turbulence; Engineering; Aerospace engineering; Meteorology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004796107,0.0001315137,0.0001787753,0.0003210522,0.0001700559,0.0001595384,0.0002454043,0.00008610215,0.00007133044],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004544434,0.000138365,0.0001972733,0.0002106249,0.00003907796,0.0003121959,0.00002051331,0.0002288447,0.000003146878],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000406442,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005419139,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005669802,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006182993,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988862,0.00006203909,0.0005579293,0.0001455058,0.0001265163,0.0002218463],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985832,0.0009440405,0.0000465911,0.0001141152,0.0002508328,0.00006124765],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001965337,0.0002445687,0.00163248,0.00003209725,0.0004509812,0.00000360392,0.0001950259,0.7091833,0.06642699,0.1215495,0.00525439,0.09483051],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007560578,0.00003897852,0.001347657,0.00004142846,0.00001880816,0.00001465578,0.00004322587,0.8846547,0.0009534148,0.06717196,0.04483948,0.0001196502],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.01626279,0.0002027326,0.9753483,0.0008401821,0.005623371,0.0002766076,0.0001016335,0.00007999976,0.001264413],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5123672,0.00009678886,0.4858339,0.0002501527,0.0003088013,0.0002100493,0.00009100232,0.00004077036,0.0008013009],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4961044,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5642362,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02330975509103471,"score_gpt":0.4148622760578674,"score_spread":0.3915525209668327,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}