{"id":"W4410611728","doi":"10.1021/acsestwater.5c00017","title":"Optimized Extraction Methods for Pristine and Aged Microplastics from Complex Water Samples","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ACS ES&T Water","topic":"Microplastics and Plastic Pollution","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks; University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Toronto","keywords":"Microplastics; Extraction (chemistry); Environmental science; Environmental chemistry; Chemistry; Chromatography","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007779848,0.0007595171,0.0004278372,0.0006189953,0.0002306507,0.0003144946,0.0002949866,0.0005943307,0.0006286408],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009158301,0.0002550234,0.0003512165,0.0003736205,0.000412188,0.0004594568,0.0002851045,0.0004919422,0.0004304625],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002599244,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003918045,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007028305,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002159524,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993194,0.0001030471,0.00009063708,0.0002150768,0.0002114941,0.00006039661],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996914,0.00009105105,0.00006450405,0.00002702472,0.0001129436,0.00001312751],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001864213,0.00001093463,0.0002177525,0.0001190656,0.000007684798,0.00002661864,0.00002446693,0.0001698303,0.9960355,0.00004802266,0.00002989622,0.003291518],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003519972,0.00009784328,0.001418606,0.00001055462,0.00001914551,0.00009367334,0.00002230273,0.00092986,0.9951888,0.00006354761,0.002137757,0.00001440162],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.6839148,0.006093948,0.3046032,0.0002066936,0.0001166549,0.001015396,0.001770997,0.000455216,0.001823055],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5439935,0.005027474,0.443735,0.0002603999,0.00005192494,0.000956016,0.001824534,0.0001706637,0.003980559],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0007779848,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004114449,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.025207476258609,"score_gpt":0.2975792158433089,"score_spread":0.2723717395847,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}