{"id":"W4410630008","doi":"10.1044/2025_lshss-24-00099","title":"Methods of Diagnosing Speech Sound Disorders in Multilingual Children","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Language Speech and Hearing Services in Schools","topic":"Language Development and Disorders","field":"Psychology","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Institute for Work & Health; University of Toronto","funders":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","keywords":"Vietnamese; Operationalization; Context (archaeology); Linguistics; Psychology; Intelligibility (philosophy); Multilingualism; Computer science; History; Pedagogy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01954124,0.001435126,0.0007044628,0.00611883,0.001406625,0.001725992,0.002679079,0.001073739,0.002305574],"category_scores_gemma":[0.04639928,0.0004832128,0.0006825452,0.001930136,0.001666836,0.001427032,0.004388978,0.001346035,0.0008098551],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001399364,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003809024,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005126467,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01349091,"domain_scores_codex":[0.979351,0.01218668,0.002224191,0.002210363,0.003607319,0.0004204685],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9722885,0.01317319,0.003860266,0.002536492,0.007411636,0.0007299472],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000582237,0.000474157,0.2694609,0.002733857,0.0001741934,0.001613859,0.04081337,0.001084651,0.01408287,0.004103021,0.001665334,0.6632117],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002558723,0.003438522,0.7408801,0.00799095,0.0005937531,0.01791694,0.06501798,0.007564189,0.07272848,0.01791233,0.06501812,0.0006828018],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.5574354,0.02117892,0.3552662,0.002086375,0.0004136741,0.01051725,0.00170319,0.001178568,0.05022041],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5085331,0.005186913,0.4714102,0.0005211431,0.00004525622,0.009114147,0.0005514746,0.0001277306,0.004510066],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01954124,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1033452,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01057188246978551,"score_gpt":0.3712067910655657,"score_spread":0.3606349085957802,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}