{"id":"W4410632545","doi":"10.22215/etd/2025-16476","title":"The Value of Tiered Chemical Toxicity Testing","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"dissertation","venue":"","topic":"Animal testing and alternatives","field":"Veterinary","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute","keywords":"Toxicity; Value (mathematics); Chemistry; Toxicology; Environmental chemistry; Biology; Mathematics; Statistics; Organic chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.02471227,0.0008308079,0.001371139,0.001571106,0.0008485896,0.007351921,0.002819163,0.001974734,0.003724706],"category_scores_gemma":[0.05745446,0.000486358,0.001034522,0.001378781,0.005744173,0.006177519,0.002885656,0.003616314,0.0004026921],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.007187034,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004161817,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003060593,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002835291,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9747903,0.01452529,0.0005158332,0.001689103,0.00764747,0.0008318796],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9286236,0.05278992,0.003710277,0.007373361,0.00650115,0.001001809],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003459723,0.000115841,0.005603418,0.0003803861,0.0002076776,0.0001583059,0.000212816,0.1057221,0.002316792,0.733514,0.004777128,0.1466456],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002862162,0.0003697008,0.002420633,0.0004090498,0.00009672915,0.0001703155,0.0001987807,0.08323497,0.002597272,0.8901426,0.02023608,0.00009524468],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.08651331,0.01480202,0.7081654,0.02202184,0.000727939,0.0005048464,0.001186022,0.000405618,0.165673],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8920661,0.004824664,0.09446029,0.002458323,0.0002340707,0.0002039828,0.0002965963,0.0001174919,0.005338553],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.02471227,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1306926,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1577078742314545,"score_gpt":0.4125604678195257,"score_spread":0.2548525935880711,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}