{"id":"W4410632638","doi":"10.22215/etd/2025-16421","title":"Single Sign-On (SSO) and its Intersection with Phishing Attacks: An Investigation","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"dissertation","venue":"","topic":"Spam and Phishing Detection","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Phishing; Intersection (aeronautics); Sign (mathematics); Single sign-on; Computer security; Computer science; World Wide Web; Engineering; Authentication (law); Mathematics; The Internet; Transport engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002128354,0.0002577745,0.0001911266,0.0003804511,0.0002247191,0.0006135828,0.0003164002,0.0002501344,0.00001028318],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005402461,0.0002299583,0.00003331833,0.0004727409,0.00001062507,0.001362961,0.00002919181,0.00033414,0.000009522847],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001220097,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009408042,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001844712,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001862209,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985611,0.00009208052,0.0002150803,0.0006629113,0.0002948853,0.0001739007],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991627,0.00007783601,0.0001828693,0.000311928,0.000169254,0.00009535521],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001065349,0.0006389529,0.001049644,0.00167214,0.0003993237,0.00004650927,0.05116665,0.001388957,0.1273418,0.09372674,0.004726892,0.716777],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002801076,0.01055682,0.02348401,0.005598158,0.0003296497,0.00008881806,0.005080348,0.2097802,0.715811,0.01958646,0.003080144,0.003803274],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9616973,0.0001046112,0.02018434,0.000244264,0.002132467,0.0003830451,0.000001930692,0.0005792602,0.01467274],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9917852,0.00001202623,0.001698307,0.0003035636,0.0001622751,0.00003083175,0.0001675112,0.00002020189,0.005820078],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7129738,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9377428,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02583553391749312,"score_gpt":0.251922172924924,"score_spread":0.2260866390074309,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}