{"id":"W4410697387","doi":"10.1001/jamaneurol.2025.1522","title":"Global, Regional, and National Burden of Nontraumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"JAMA Neurology","topic":"Intracranial Aneurysms: Treatment and Complications","field":"Medicine","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary; University of Manitoba; University of Toronto; Sunnybrook Health Science Centre; University of Waterloo; University of British Columbia; McMaster University; Queen's University; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health; Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"Division of Mathematical Sciences; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke; Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca; Kerman Neuroscience Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences; Helmholtz Zentrum München; Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto; College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University; Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Russian Academy of Sciences; Japan Science and Technology Agency; Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Department of Medicine, Georgetown University; Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami; Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic; Pan American Health Organization; Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa; School of Medicine, Indiana University; Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine; University of California, San Diego; School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; University of Health and Allied Sciences; National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition; Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology; Ajman University; Alfaisal University; Universitas Sam Ratulangi; Hong Kong Government; UK Dementia Research Institute; Central University of Kerala; University of Nizwa; Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicach; Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University; Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University; China Medical University, Taiwan; Swedish Orphan Biovitrum; Chettinad Academy of Research and Education; University of Kelaniya; Marga und Walter Boll-Stiftung; University of Thessaly; Śląski Uniwersytet Medyczny w Katowicach; University of Colombo; Istituto Auxologico Italiano; Mansoura University; Xiamen University; National Institute of Technology Rourkela; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta; Nanjing University; Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology; Universität zu Köln; Tartu Ülikool; University of Tabriz; National Cheng Kung University; Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli di Bologna; Shaqra University; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Universitatea din București; Zagazig University; University of Isfahan; Wachemo University; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Applied Science Private University; Yangzhou University; Universidade do Porto; Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora; Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; Fondazione Cariplo; Federation University Australia; Management and Science University; Oulun Yliopisto; Bahir Dar University; Adamas University; Medical University - Varna; Virginia Commonwealth University; Asia University; Università di Bologna; Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie \"Carol Davila\" Bucureşti; Mittuniversitetet; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Queensland Health; Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences; Babol University of Medical Sciences; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; University of Jordan; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University; Uniwersytet Łódzki; Universidad de Antioquia; Birjand University of Medical Sciences; Universitair Medisch Centrum Groningen; Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social; Division of Human Resource Development; Chinese University of Hong Kong; Universitas Padjadjaran; Massachusetts General Hospital; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Inyuvesi Yakwazulu-Natali; National Taiwan University; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Agios Pharmaceuticals; York University; Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services; Universiteit Stellenbosch; University of Cyprus; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; King Abdulaziz University; Karolinska Institutet; Universiti Malaya; Isfahan University of Medical Sciences; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico; Case Western Reserve University; Fudan University; Riphah International University; Generalitat de Catalunya; International Medical University; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Islamic Azad University; Wellcome Trust; Chandigarh University; Korea University; Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; KU Leuven; Seoul National University; University of Pennsylvania; National Taiwan Normal University; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; University of Canberra; Cairo University; Fakultet Medicinskih Nauka, Univerziteta U Kragujevcu; Universiti Putra Malaysia; Shiraz University of Medical Sciences; Ain Shams University; University of Tsukuba; Umm Al-Qura University; University of Toronto; Imperial College London; Public Health England; Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam; Curtin University of Technology; COMSATS Institute of Information Technology; University of New England; University of Queensland; James Cook University; Sungkyunkwan University; China Medical University; Hallym University; Jazan University; Griffith University; Rajshahi University; University of New South Wales; Qatar University; Charles Sturt University; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology; Keio University; Chitkara University; Singapore Eye Research Institute; Amity University; Universidad Nacional de Colombia; Northwestern University; University of Zanjan; University of Washington; Università degli Studi dell'Aquila; University of Bristol; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology; Emory University; Università di Catania; National Development and Reform Commission; Cardiff University; University of Connecticut; U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs; BioCryst; Indian Council of Medical Research; Uniwersytet Jagielloński Collegium Medicum; Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; University College London; Shiraz University; King's College London; H. Lundbeck A/S; Coventry University; Kasturba Medical College, Manipal; United International University; Johns Hopkins University; University of Warwick; National Institutes of Health; National University of Singapore; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; La Trobe University; Universidad de Colima; Alexandria University; University of Kufa; European Commission; Georgetown University; University of Miami; Ahmadu Bello University; Turun Yliopisto; Jimma University; Yale University; Lebanese American University; University of Agriculture, Peshawar; Jamia Millia Islamia; Jordan University of Science and Technology; Dartmouth College; National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center; Novo Nordisk; University of Leeds; Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit; Public Health Foundation of India; University of Massachusetts Dartmouth; University of Southampton; National Heart Foundation of Australia; CSL Behring; Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri - IRCCS; Queensland University of Technology; Biomedical Research Council; ACT Government; Universidade de São Paulo; Gonabad University of Medical Sciences; Tomsk Polytechnic University; McMaster University; New York University Abu Dhabi; Janssen Scientific Affairs; Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney; Universiti Brunei Darussalam; Turun Yliopistollinen Keskussairaala; King Abdullah University of Science and Technology; University of Oxford; Ministero della Salute; Universitas Airlangga; Houston Methodist Hospital; Sunnybrook Research Institute; Universitas Indonesia; Salahaddin University-Erbil; Patuakhali Science and Technology University; University of Montana; Arizona State University; Universidad Europea de Madrid; Houston Methodist Research Institute; Iran University of Medical Sciences; Universiteit Utrecht; Flinders University; Rajarata University of Sri Lanka; Norges Teknisk-Naturvitenskapelige Universitet; Norwegian Institute of Public Health; American Heart Association; Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences; School of Public Health, Imperial College London; Ajou University; Directorate for Biological Sciences; Saveetha Dental College; Harokopio University; University of Waterloo; University of Tasmania; Teva Pharmaceutical Industries; Kurdistan University Of Medical Sciences; Brody School of Medicine; East Carolina University; Zahedan University of Medical Sciences; Harvard University; Warwick Medical School; Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum; Rigshospitalet; Pomorski Uniwersytet Medyczny W Szczecinie; Università degli Studi di Milano; Urmia University of Medical Sciences; North Dakota State University; Pfizer; Ateneo de Manila University; Högskolan Dalarna; Rijksuniversiteit Groningen; Chulalongkorn University; University of Glasgow; Taipei Medical University; Cleveland Clinic; Harvard Business School; Jenderal Soedirman University; Government of Canada; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University; University of Minnesota; Western Sydney University; Brown University; Alexion Pharmaceuticals; Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawla II; Shahrekord University; Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences; Urmia University; World Health Organization; Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute; University of Bern; Zanjan University of Medical Sciences; University of Gondar; United Arab Emirates University; Brigham and Women's Hospital; Kerman University of Medical Sciences; Trường Đại học Duy Tân; Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Indian Institute of Technology Mandi; Bangladesh University of Health Sciences; University of Nebraska Medical Center; Eli Lilly and Company; Universitetet i Bergen; King Saud University; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; AstraZeneca; Monash University; Washington University in St. Louis","keywords":"Medicine; Epidemiology; Burden of disease; Subarachnoid hemorrhage; Stroke (engine); Disease burden; Incidence (geometry); Population; Demography; Latin Americans; Cross-sectional study; Mortality rate; Environmental health; Surgery; Internal medicine; Pathology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005098003,0.00008152489,0.0001793393,0.0000758993,0.00005220134,0.000006916759,0.00006420971,0.000103652,0.00004485459],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007867553,0.00007196854,0.00004194572,0.0001875133,0.0001163608,0.00003248068,0.00002919787,0.000109475,0.00001292926],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001498684,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007549386,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006679401,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000116107,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993894,0.00002923452,0.0001799096,0.0001758256,0.0001138597,0.0001117721],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995453,0.00009595763,0.00005268292,0.0001417748,0.000129221,0.0000349983],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.003916065,0.002117511,0.1546564,0.001448976,0.0003823894,0.000704574,0.0005164737,0.0001530795,0.0185841,0.7060262,0.03287346,0.07862081],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005581542,0.001254554,0.9156728,0.00002956865,0.0004193724,0.002451173,0.00005407413,0.01406888,0.0004060559,0.04847937,0.01138624,0.0001963089],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9241807,0.000287485,0.0001420747,0.05438571,0.00005908418,0.0002086999,0.00001276532,0.00003403884,0.02068943],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9941363,0.00001711452,0.0003939873,0.004747437,0.00008554108,0.0000235949,0.00002256275,0.000003917558,0.0005695482],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7610165,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2934792,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01634976754095263,"score_gpt":0.275938527002459,"score_spread":0.2595887594615064,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). 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