{"id":"W4410702518","doi":"10.1007/s12598-025-03337-4","title":"Research progress of rare earth (Ce, La, Sm)‐based functional materials in catalytic CO <sub>2</sub> reduction","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Rare Metals","topic":"Catalytic Processes in Materials Science","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","keywords":"Rare earth; Materials science; Catalysis; Reduction (mathematics); Earth (classical element); Astrobiology; Nanotechnology; Metallurgy; Chemistry; Physics; Organic chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00642147,0.0002736457,0.0006345606,0.0008602286,0.000215774,0.0003243913,0.0007864772,0.0001955328,0.000702092],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001024683,0.0002545458,0.00008101864,0.001752809,0.001223518,0.0006340324,0.0003134827,0.0002046037,0.0002782796],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001577162,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009795242,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008114769,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002068776,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9956557,0.0007126651,0.0009367733,0.0008490101,0.001164743,0.0006810862],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997811,0.0004454244,0.0002952929,0.0008024858,0.000542314,0.0001034996],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002422546,0.0001759296,0.00008751691,0.0005832512,0.00001065575,0.00002158455,0.00009783787,0.0001848201,0.9953215,0.001725545,0.000952808,0.0005962718],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006386758,0.00006490335,0.002982866,0.0003942279,0.00002561996,0.00003103765,0.0001800211,0.00005480064,0.9930537,0.00187511,0.0004827475,0.0002163348],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9949574,0.0004301892,0.0004374064,0.0002736427,0.001447554,0.0007564721,0.0002405678,0.0001049342,0.001351812],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982183,0.00002140045,0.0007694328,0.00003607685,0.000117116,0.0002445013,0.0001107944,0.00002661118,0.0004557783],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005396786,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999907,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03519665592751225,"score_gpt":0.3288119007226333,"score_spread":0.2936152447951211,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}