{"id":"W4410764953","doi":"10.1007/s10661-025-14138-8","title":"Comparison of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) soil extractions and instrumental analysis: large-volume injection liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, EPA Method 1633, and commercial lab results for 40 PFAS in various soils","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","topic":"Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Environmental Security Technology Certification Program","keywords":"Certified reference materials; Extraction (chemistry); Soil water; Environmental science; Soil test; Environmental chemistry; Chromatography; Detection limit; Chemistry; Soil science","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006870563,0.000297234,0.0005263847,0.0003403474,0.0004457587,0.00009526926,0.000129793,0.0001424426,0.00004943765],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001024848,0.0003103442,0.00008594723,0.000500032,0.0003462958,0.000349747,0.0002022515,0.0003736611,0.000001200987],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003448398,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001629792,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001185155,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007407544,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976865,0.0001870798,0.0005431462,0.0007019608,0.0003966111,0.0004846892],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992032,0.0002007563,0.0001792713,0.0002368843,0.000004212809,0.000175657],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000323919,0.0003950379,0.8820316,0.00003752106,0.0001657672,0.000002464207,0.0009713655,0.0002079361,0.06648967,0.00003157655,0.00002331486,0.04931983],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001844114,0.00058061,0.9737949,0.00005623786,0.0001824596,0.000006008782,0.003037478,0.005534181,0.01353649,0.00009396333,0.001048793,0.0002847573],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9882721,0.006060247,0.004185028,0.000147285,0.000159406,0.0004265376,0.0001772265,0.00001660826,0.0005555152],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.985737,0.002571817,0.01131877,0.00001003841,0.00004590714,0.00008900064,0.0000392322,0.00001551147,0.0001727405],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09176332,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999349,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01752321724231196,"score_gpt":0.3512578402635882,"score_spread":0.3337346230212762,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}